A Level H2 Chemistry 2012 Paper 1 Answers -

\[Sodium has a lower ionization energy than magnesium because its outermost electron is in a 3s orbital, which is farther away from the nucleus and experiences a lower effective nuclear charge compared to the 3s electrons in magnesium.\]

(a) Define the term “ionization energy”. a level h2 chemistry 2012 paper 1 answers

(b) Explain why CO2 is a non-polar molecule. \[Sodium has a lower ionization energy than magnesium

(a) Describe the preparation of ethanal from ethanol. a level h2 chemistry 2012 paper 1 answers

(a) Describe the bonding in CO2.

(b) Explain why the reaction between zinc and dilute nitric acid produces hydrogen gas.